Which of the following is not part of police powers?

Deed restrictions are typically private agreements or stipulations placed on a property by a previous owner or a developer that limit how the property can be used or developed, and they generally do not fall under the domain of police powers. Police powers are the authority held by state and local governments to create regulations to protect the health, safety, morals, and general welfare of the public. These include zoning ordinances, building codes, and health codes, all of which are enacted through governmental authority to manage land use, ensure safety in construction, and protect public health.

In contrast, deed restrictions are enforceable between private parties and do not involve governmental exercise of authority. Since they are not enacted through public policy or law, they do not reflect the same public regulatory framework associated with police powers. This distinction is what makes deed restrictions the answer to the question, as they operate independently from the government’s role in regulating land use and public safety.