When referring to real estate, what does the term 'improvements' legally include?

In real estate terminology, the term 'improvements' refers specifically to any permanent additions or modifications made to a property that enhance its value or utility. These are typically structures or alterations that provide a functional purpose and contribute to the property's overall use. Sidewalks, as a type of improvement, fit this definition perfectly since they are integral to the layout and accessibility of a property, providing a clear pathway for movement.

In contrast, items such as shrubbery, trees, and lawns, while they can improve the aesthetic appeal and may offer some utility, are generally considered part of the landscaping rather than permanent structural improvements. Landscaping elements might contribute to the overall value and attractiveness of a property, but they do not qualify as improvements in the same legal sense as constructed features like sidewalks do, which are fixed and contribute directly to the functionality of the real estate.